Today there are several generations of trackers on the market. These range from 1st generation AC electromagnetic technology, first patented by Polhemus Inc. in the 1970s, and later improved by Polhemus and medical device companies, including Biosense, GE, Medtronic, MediGuide, NDI, and SuperDimension; 2nd generation trackers patented by Ascension in the 1990s that employ pulsed DC magnetic technology; and now 3rd generation DC magnetic technology, also patented by Ascension. 3D Guidance technology offers the latest improvements and innovations in magnetic tracking technology.
First generation AC trackers are susceptible to distorted measurements in the presence of common metals, such as carbon steel, aluminum, and even stainless steel.
Second generation DC trackers exhibit 1/5 the sensitivity to non-magnetic conductive metal as their earlier counterparts. As a result, their sensors were often attached to ultrasound probes, titanium instruments, and non-magnetic stainless steel objects without discernable loss of accuracy. However, these sensors contained fluxgates that limited sensor size to 5 mm in diameter, were subject to ferrous metal distortion, and were too complex to achieve truly low cost.
Third generation DC magnetic tracking represents the state-of-the-art in real-time tracking. It includes six degrees-of-freedom sensors as small as 0.55 mm in diameter, low cost disposable sensor, special transmitters that block distortions emanating below the tracking volume, and advanced processing and calibration techniques for robust performance in all kinds of environments.